Battery cages are small, barren wire enclosures, each typically holding several birds, stacked in rows within large sheds that can house tens of thousands of hens. In these cages, each hen is given less space than an A4 sheet of paper, with the cages standing just 40 cm high.
For hens to freely perform natural behaviours like turning around, wing flapping, stretching, and preening, they need between 540 and 1,980 cm² of space. However, in battery cages, hens have barely enough room to move or stretch their wings. The cages are also devoid of enrichment, preventing hens from engaging in essential behaviours like foraging, dust bathing, perching, and nesting.
Battery cages lead to poor welfare outcomes for layer hens due to extreme confinement and restricted behaviour. Providing hens the ability to engage in natural behaviours is essential for their well-being. While cage-free systems can present welfare challenges, these can be managed through effective design and practices. The goal for layer hen housing should be to enable natural behaviours while optimizing management to reduce risks of disease, feather pecking, and fractures.